1. [n]  a risk involving danger; "you take a chance when you let her drive"
2. [n]  a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; "what is the probability of rain?"; "we have a good chance of winning"
3. [n]  an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; "bad luck caused his downfall"; "we ran into each other by pure chance"
4. [n]  a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; "the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington"; "now is your chance"
5. [v]  come upon, as if by accident; meet with; "We find this idea in Plato"; "I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here"; "She chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day"
6. [v]  take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling"
7. [v]  be the case by chance; "I chanced to meet my old friend in the street"

1. \Chance\ (ch[.a]ns), n. [F. chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL.
   cadentia a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr. L.
   cadere to fall; akin to Skr. [,c]ad to fall, L. cedere to
   yield, E. cede. Cf. {Cadence}.]
   1. A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity
      other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in
      this sense often personified.
   
            It is strictly and philosophically true in nature
            and reason that there is no such thing as chance or
            accident; it being evident that these words do not
            signify anything really existing, anything that is
            truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they
            signify merely men's ignorance of the real and
            immediate cause.                      --Samuel
                                                  Clark.
   
            Any society into which chance might throw him.
                                                  --Macaulay.
   
            That power Which erring men call Chance. --Milton.
   
   2. The operation or activity of such agent.
   
            By chance a priest came down that way. --Luke x. 31.
   
   3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something that
      befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;
      the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated
      upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident;
      fortuity; casualty.
   
            It was a chance that happened to us.  --1 Sam. vi.
                                                  9.
   
            The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts, And wins
            (O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts. --Pope.
   
            I spake of most disastrous chance.    --Shak.
   
   4. A possibility; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with
      reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance to escape; a
      chance for life; the chances are all against him.
   
            So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune. That I
            would get my life on any chance, To mend it, or be
            rid on 't                             --Shak.
   
   5. (Math.) Probability.
   
   Note: The mathematical expression, of a chance is the ratio
         of frequency with which an event happens in the long
         run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in b
         ways, and each of these a + b ways is equally likely,
         the chance, or probability, that the event will happen
         is measured by the fraction a/a + b, and the chance, or
         probability, that it will fail is measured by b/a + b.
   
   {Chance comer}, one who comes unexpectedly.
   
   {The last chance}, the sole remaining ground of hope.
   
   {The main chance}, the chief opportunity; that upon which
      reliance is had, esp. self-interest.
   
   {Theory of chances}, {Doctrine of chances} (Math.), that
      branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of
      the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice
      in given positions.
   
   {To mind one's chances}, to take advantage of every
      circumstance; to seize every opportunity.
   
   

2. \Chance\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chanced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
   {Chancing}.]
   To happen, come, or arrive, without design or expectation.
   ``Things that chance daily.'' --Robynson (More's Utopia).
   
         If a bird's nest chance to be before thee. --Deut.
                                                  xxii. 6.
   
         I chanced on this letter.                --Shak.
   
   Note: Often used impersonally; as, how chances it?
   
               How chance, thou art returned so soon? --Shak.
   
   

3. \Chance\, v. t.
   1. To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with
      it as object.
   
            Come what will, I will chance it.     --W. D.
                                                  Howells.
   
   2. To befall; to happen to. [Obs.] --W. Lambarde.
   
   

4. \Chance\, a.
   Happening by chance; casual.
   
   

5. \Chance\, adv.
   By chance; perchance. --Gray.
   
   

(Luke 10:31). "It was not by chance that the priest came down by that road at that time, but by a specific arrangement and in exact fulfilment of a plan; not the plan of the priest, nor the plan of the wounded traveller, but the plan of God. By coincidence (Gr. sungkuria) the priest came down, that is, by the conjunction of two things, in fact, which were previously constituted a pair in the providence of God. In the result they fell together according to the omniscient Designer's plan. This is the true theory of the divine government." Compare the meeting of Philip with the Ethiopian (Acts 8:26, 27). There is no "chance" in God's empire. "Chance" is only another word for our want of knowledge as to the way in which one event falls in with another (1 Sam. 6:9; Eccl. 9:11).