A model for concurrency by carl hewitt. Actors are autonomous and concurrent objects which execute asynchronously. The Actor model provides flexible mechanisms for building parallel and distributed software systems.

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["Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes", C. Hewitt et al, IFIP 77, pp. 987-992, N-H 1977].

["ACTORS: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems", Gul A. Agha <agha@cs.uiuc.edu>, Cambridge Press, MA, 1986].